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Haiwen & Partners LLP Secures Major Victory in Maritime Arbitration

海問(wèn)律師事務(wù)所欣然宣布，成功代表一家作為租船人的加拿大公司，在一宗根據(jù)《香港海事仲裁協(xié)會(huì)2021年仲裁規(guī)則》進(jìn)行的復(fù)雜且高價(jià)值的海事仲裁中取得全面勝訴。

該爭(zhēng)議源于一份受英國(guó)法律管轄的航次租船合同，涉及從中國(guó)運(yùn)送大型、定制的項(xiàng)目貨物至歐洲。由于承運(yùn)船舶因一系列嚴(yán)重的港口國(guó)監(jiān)督（PSC）缺陷在香港被扣留，貨物最終未能交付，嚴(yán)重影響了租船人參與一項(xiàng)時(shí)間緊迫的造船項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)程。

The dispute arose from a voyage charterparty governed by English law, concerning the carriage of large, bespoke project cargo from China to Europe. After the carrying vessel was detained in Hong Kong due to a series of serious Port State Control (PSC) deficiencies, the cargo was never delivered, causing significant disruption to the charterer’s participation in a time-critical shipbuilding project.

本案雙方共同指定的仲裁員為一位常駐香港、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富且廣受認(rèn)可的海事法律專(zhuān)家。他裁定涉案船舶在開(kāi)航時(shí)并不適航，且船東未能履行個(gè)人謹(jǐn)慎義務(wù)，以確保船舶配員、設(shè)備和補(bǔ)給的充分。仲裁員還認(rèn)定船東違反了合同中合理迅速完成航程及不得無(wú)正當(dāng)理由偏航的默示義務(wù)。

The sole arbitrator, who was jointly appointed by the parties, is an experienced and well-regarded maritime practitioner based in Hong Kong, found that the vessel was unseaworthy at the time of departure and that the owners had failed to exercise personal due diligence to ensure the vessel was properly manned, equipped, and supplied. The arbitrator also held that the owners breached implied contractual obligations to perform the voyage with reasonable despatch and to avoid unjustifiable deviation.

在裁決中，仲裁員判令船東承擔(dān)包括損害賠償、利息和費(fèi)用在內(nèi)的全部責(zé)任，裁決總金額超過(guò)150萬(wàn)美元。裁決支持租船人因采購(gòu)替代貨物所支出的全部費(fèi)用，盡管該費(fèi)用明顯高于原始成本，同時(shí)還包括利息和大部分法律及仲裁費(fèi)用。仲裁員認(rèn)可該批貨物為專(zhuān)門(mén)定制，且對(duì)于整個(gè)船舶建造進(jìn)度至關(guān)重要，在卸貨港沒(méi)有可行的替代品。因此，仲裁員突破了通常基于市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的賠償方式，采納了更貼合項(xiàng)目實(shí)際情況的損失評(píng)估方法。

In a final award, the arbitrator held the owners liable for substantial damages, interest, and costs, with the total award exceeding US$1.5 million. It awarded full compensation for the procurement of replacement cargo, despite significantly higher costs than the original, along with interest and a high proportion of legal and arbitral costs. The arbitrator accepted that the cargo was uniquely manufactured and essential to a larger construction schedule, with no viable substitute available at the discharge port. As a result, the arbitrator departed from the typical market-based approach to damages and adopted a broader, project-sensitive assessment of loss.

該裁決的重要性不僅在于金額，更在于其所帶來(lái)的法律意義。仲裁員駁回了船東試圖以其為租船合同鏈中作為轉(zhuǎn)租船東（或稱(chēng)“二船東”）身份限制責(zé)任的抗辯，明確裁定在上游船東和技術(shù)管理人出現(xiàn)失誤并導(dǎo)致船舶被扣留、無(wú)法完成航程的情況下，轉(zhuǎn)租船東亦可被直接追責(zé)，宛如他們是船主一般。此外，該裁決亦遵從了英國(guó)法院在 The Sur [2019] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 527 一案的立場(chǎng)，確認(rèn)了偏航應(yīng)被視為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的法律范疇，并適用因歷史與商業(yè)原因發(fā)展出的特別法律規(guī)則。

This outcome is significant not only for the size of the award, but for its broader legal implications. The arbitrator rejected attempts by the owners to limit liability on the basis of their status as disponent owners within a charterparty chain. The award reaffirms that disponent owners can be held directly responsible for failures of upstream owners and technical managers, as if they were the shipowners, especially where such failures result in detentions that frustrate the underlying commercial purpose of a voyage. Further, the award follows the English Court’s decision in The Sur [2019] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 527 and confirms that deviation constitutes a sui generis body of legal authority, with special rules derived from historical and commercial reasons. 

“我們非常自豪能夠取得這一裁決結(jié)果，它不僅充分維護(hù)了客戶的合法權(quán)益，也為海事仲裁法律的發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)”，海問(wèn)律師事務(wù)所合伙人劉洋表示。“本案凸顯了船舶適航性、盡職義務(wù)以及在航次租船合同中履約責(zé)任的重要性，尤其是在涉及項(xiàng)目貨物和緊迫交付時(shí)間表的情形下。”

“We are proud to have secured a result that not only vindicates our client’s position but also contributes to the development of maritime arbitration jurisprudence,” said Edward Liu, Partner at Haiwen & Partners LLP. “This case reinforces the importance of vessel suitability, due diligence, and accountability in the performance of voyage charterparties, particularly where project cargo and tight delivery schedules are involved.”